Vision problems are among the most common conditions in the population and often begin silently. Changes such as myopia and astigmatism can impact everything from simple daily tasks to professional performance and overall quality of life.

Myopia

Myopia is characterised by difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. People with myopia tend to see well up close, but experience blurring when looking far away, such as when driving, watching television or identifying signs.

This happens because the image forms before reaching the retina, usually due to a more elongated shape of the eye.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism occurs when there is an irregularity in the curvature of the cornea, causing light to be focused unevenly. This can cause blurred vision both at near and far distances, as well as distortions and visual discomfort, such as headaches and eye strain.

What predisposes to vision problems?

Several factors can contribute to the development of these conditions:

  • Genetics: family history significantly increases the risk.

  • Excessive screen use: prolonged exposure to mobile phones, computers and tablets can encourage continuous visual strain.

  • Little time outdoors: especially in children, lack of exposure to natural light is associated with increased myopia.

  • Prolonged reading without breaks: continuous near-focus effort can contribute to discomfort and worsening vision.

  • Inadequate lighting: environments that are too dark or have excessive light can force visual adaptation.

Here's a critical point: screen use does not "directly cause" all vision problems, but acts as an overload factor, particularly when associated with inadequate habits and genetic predisposition.

How to prevent or reduce the impact?

Whilst not all cases can be prevented, some strategies help protect eye health:

  • The 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 6 metres away for 20 seconds

  • Screen time control: especially in children and adolescents

  • Exposure to natural light: outdoor activities have a protective effect

  • Good lighting when reading or studying

  • Avoid using screens before bed

  • Regular eye care appointments: even without apparent symptoms

What to do when noticing symptoms?

Signs such as blurred vision, difficulty focusing, frequent headaches or eye strain should not be ignored. Assessment by a specialist allows for early diagnosis and appropriate correction, which may include glasses, contact lenses or, in some cases, specific procedures.

Ignoring symptoms can lead to progressive worsening and impact not only vision, but also performance in daily activities.

Important:
This content is informational and educational in nature. It does not replace an individualised medical consultation. In case of doubts or symptoms, seek assessment from a healthcare professional for guidance appropriate to your case.

Dr Rebeca Soares Andrade CRM-GO 39335